Stephen Batchelor, a famous Western Buddhist, has argued that it is not necessary to believe in karma and reincarnation in order to be faithful to Buddhism. He expressed this in his 1998 work Buddhism Without Beliefs. He says there is symmetry between humanistic, agnostic Western culture and Buddhism. While Christians share his moral and intellectual objections, it is hard to imagine that a faithful reading of virtually every Buddhist tradition can allow disbelief in karma and reincarnation. Buddhist